Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Decoding the hypoxic tumor microenvironment in colorectal cancer for prognostic modeling and therapeutic target discovery

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1651749

Figure Lengend Snippet: Drug sensitivity and pathway analysis reveals potential therapeutic targets for CRC. (A) Bar chart correlating transcription factors and drug sensitivity, showing the potential for targeting hypoxia-related genes in CRC treatment. (B) Bar chart of drug target pathways, identifying key pathways involved in the response to drugs, including PI3K/mTOR signaling and apoptosis regulation. (C) Network diagram of GIPC2, showing its interactions with drugs and target pathways, suggesting GIPC2 as a therapeutic target in CRC. (D) Volcano plots from CMap analysis, showing compound scores across various CRC cell lines, highlighting potential drugs that can target hypoxia-related pathways. (E) Bubble chart of top 5 compounds with the highest scores across CRC cell lines, providing insight into promising drug candidates. (F) Bubble chart summarizing the target pathways for the top 5 compounds, focusing on those with the highest efficacy in CRC cell lines.

Article Snippet: Human CRC cell lines (LoVo, HT-29, SW480, LS180, SW620) and normal fetal human colon (FHC) cells were purchased from the ATCC and maintained in DMEM (Gibco) supplemented with 10% FBS (HyClone) and 1% penicillin/streptomycin at 37°C in a humidified 5% CO 2 atmosphere.

Techniques: Biomarker Discovery

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Decoding the hypoxic tumor microenvironment in colorectal cancer for prognostic modeling and therapeutic target discovery

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1651749

Figure Lengend Snippet: GIPC2 expression and its role in CRC cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. (A) Relative GIPC2 mRNA levels in paired CRC tissues and adjacent normal tissues, showing significant upregulation in tumor tissues. (B) GIPC2 expression in CRC cell lines compared to FHC control, revealing significant upregulation in SW480 and LoVo cell lines. (C) Efficiency of GIPC2 knockdown in LS180 and HT-29 cells, demonstrating effective silencing (>90%) after siRNA transfection. (D, E) CCK-8 assays of cell proliferation, showing that GIPC2 knockdown significantly reduces proliferation in LS180 (D) and HT-29 (E) cells over time (**P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001).

Article Snippet: Human CRC cell lines (LoVo, HT-29, SW480, LS180, SW620) and normal fetal human colon (FHC) cells were purchased from the ATCC and maintained in DMEM (Gibco) supplemented with 10% FBS (HyClone) and 1% penicillin/streptomycin at 37°C in a humidified 5% CO 2 atmosphere.

Techniques: Expressing, Control, Knockdown, Transfection, CCK-8 Assay

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Decoding the hypoxic tumor microenvironment in colorectal cancer for prognostic modeling and therapeutic target discovery

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1651749

Figure Lengend Snippet: GIPC2 silencing promotes apoptosis, inhibits EMT, and reduces migration/invasion in CRC cells. (A) Flow cytometry analysis of Annexin V-FITC/PI staining in LS180 cells transfected with si-GIPC2 or si-NC, showing increased apoptosis following GIPC2 knockdown. (B) Quantification of total apoptotic cells (early + late) from three independent experiments, indicating a significant increase in apoptosis after GIPC2 silencing (**P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001). (C) Western blot analysis of cleaved caspase-3, Bcl-2, E-cadherin, and vimentin, showing activation of apoptosis and inhibition of EMT in GIPC2-knockdown cells. (D) Transwell assay images showing migration (top) and invasion (bottom) of LS180 cells following GIPC2 knockdown, highlighting reduced invasive capacity. (E) Quantification of migrated and invaded cells from three independent Transwell experiments, demonstrating significantly reduced migration and invasion after GIPC2 silencing (**P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001).

Article Snippet: Human CRC cell lines (LoVo, HT-29, SW480, LS180, SW620) and normal fetal human colon (FHC) cells were purchased from the ATCC and maintained in DMEM (Gibco) supplemented with 10% FBS (HyClone) and 1% penicillin/streptomycin at 37°C in a humidified 5% CO 2 atmosphere.

Techniques: Migration, Flow Cytometry, Staining, Transfection, Knockdown, Western Blot, Activation Assay, Inhibition, Transwell Assay